List of stems based

STEM Form + Auxiliary Verbs

〜放題 (houdai)

Indicates doing something as much as one likes, "as much as one wants".

Example: 食べ放題 (tabehoudai) - "all you can eat"

Example: 飲み放題 (nomihoudai) - "all you can drink"

〜かける (kakeru)

Used to indicate that an action is incomplete or just started. Often translates to "begin to" or "half-".

Example: 食べかける (tabekakeru) - "begin to eat" or "half-eaten"

〜すぎる (sugiru)

Used to indicate excessiveness. It translates to "too much" or "over-".

Example: 食べすぎる (tabesugiru) - "eat too much" or "overeat"

〜やすい (yasui)

Used to indicate that something is easy to do.

Example: 読みやすい (yomiyasui) - "easy to read"

〜にくい (nikui)

Used to indicate that something is difficult to do.

Example: 読みにくい (yominikui) - "difficult to read"

〜始める (hajimeru)

Used to indicate the beginning of an action. It translates to "start to" or "begin to".

Example: 書き始める (kakihajimeru) - "begin to write"

〜終わる (owaru)

Used to indicate the completion of an action. It translates to "finish" or "end".

Example: 書き終わる (kakiowaru) - "finish writing"

〜続ける (tsuzukeru)

Used to indicate the continuation of an action. It translates to "continue to".

Example: 読み続ける (yomitsuzukeru) - "continue reading"

〜直す (naosu)

Used to indicate that an action is being redone. It translates to "do again" or "redo".

Example: 書き直す (kakinaosu) - "rewrite"

〜出す (dasu)

Used to indicate the sudden start of an action. It translates to "start suddenly" or "burst into".

Example: 泣き出す (nakidasu) - "burst into tears"

〜切る (kiru)

Used to indicate the thoroughness or completeness of an action. It translates to "completely" or "do something thoroughly".

Example: 食べ切る (tabekiru) - "eat completely"

These auxiliary verbs, when combined with the verb stem, modify the meaning of the original verb to convey different nuances such as ease, difficulty, excessiveness, or the state of completion of the action.

〜に来る (ni kuru)

Indicates coming to do something, "come to do".

Example: 迎えに来る (mukae ni kuru) - "come to pick up"
Example: 手伝いに来る (tetsudai ni kuru) - "come to help"